![]() ![]() Warfare also enables the expression of higher human qualities that often lie dormant in ordinary life, such as courage and self-sacrifice. It supplies meaning and purpose, transcending the monotony of everyday life. ![]() ![]() It brings a sense of cohesion, with communal goals, and inspires individual citizens (not just soldiers) to behave honourably and unselfishly, in the service of a greater good. It binds people together – not just the army engaged in battle, but the whole community. It creates a sense of unity in the face of a collective threat. The early American psychologist William James once suggested that war is so prevalent because of its positive psychological effects. Writing of the German people’s response to the war, the historian Alan Bullock described “an unparalleled sense of national unity, which those who experienced it never forgot, an exalted sense of patriotism”. This celebratory mood was widespread throughout Europe. When Great Britain joined the first world war, in August 1914, massive crowds celebrated outside Buckingham Palace. ![]()
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